Atticus Grinch |
06-24-2005 10:28 AM |
Civil War question
Quote:
Originally posted by Spanky
The repeating rifle seems so superior to the muzzle loading rifle that I find it amazing that more of an effort wasn't made to supply everyone with repeating rifles. A jump from a muzzle-loading rifle seems like to me the jump from a sword to a musket. It would seem to me that ten soldiers with repeating rifles would easily beat a hundred soliders with muzzle loading rifles. A repeating rifle could get off five rounds in a couple of seconds where a muzzle loading musket firing five rounds would take a couple of minutes. In combat that difference in time would be tactically invaluable. The difference in my mind must be greater than reality.
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No, the difference was quite real --- ask Custer, whose men had single-shot Springfields going up against the red man with Henrys and Spencers. Little Big Horn was probably the last time the USA allowed infantry to take on an enemy with superior weaponry.
An interesting basic answer to your earlier question is found here:
- I'm interested in finding out timelines for the various repeating rifles - any type, lever-action or revolver. I have several questions:
1. Why did the revolver-type repeating rifles not catch on like the lever types?
2. Were there good-quality repeating rifles during the American Civil War?
3. If so, why did the armies continue to use single-shot rifles, as is written in anything I've seen or read about the war?
Thank you for taking the time to read this and consider my questions.
John Geary
Regular contributor David Stroud writes:
1. By "revolver-type" repeating rifles, I assume you mean weapons such as the Colt revolving rifles and shotguns. Colt came out with a revolving rifle in 1836 and believed this would make him rich; the Paterson pistol was a sideline. However, both were far too costly for the military and civilian markets. There was also another drawback: with cap-and ball-rifles, the flame from the fired cylinder could burn the arm of the shooter unless he held it as prescribed in Colt's instructions.
If you mean a Gatling Guns, the early models were not nearly as efficient as seen in the movies. The empty casings jammed frequently on ejection, and that's why Custer left them behind on his way to the Little Big Horn.
2. and 3. Yes, the 7-shot, .52 caliber Spencer was lever action, and the Confederates claimed Yanks could load on Sunday and fire all week. The Henry lever action was also an excellent arm.
Before the Civil War, the U.S. War Department was reluctant to buy such expensive weapons and believed the average soldier was not smart enough to operate multiple-firing arms. The War Department also claimed that the amount of smoke from repeating weapons hid the enemy from view.
However, the US Army eventually purchased Spencers and by the end of the Civil War the Union cavalry was armed with them. In competition between the lever-action Henry and the Spencer the the government preferred the more durable Spencer, but eventually abandoned it and returned to the single shot Springfield trapdoor." Ironically, the Spencer was recalled from Custer's troopers and they were reissued single-shot Springfields for their march to the Little Big Horn where they faced Indians with Henrys and Winchesters.
Byron Johnson, Director of the TRHFM adds:
The issues of ammunition, ammunition storage and cost was a major flaw with the Spencer and Henry.
The Spencer stored cartridges nose-to-tail in a removable magazine that slid into the buttstock. If a Spencer was struck hard on the butt, the weapon could "explode" in a chain reaction. I saw this happen to a reenactor in the 1970s with a reproduction Spencer. He required surgery after the stock turned into wood-and-metal shrapnel—even though the weapon was loaded with blanks.
The Henry rifle was an elegant, precision weapon that could fire an impressive 12 rounds. However, Henry cartridges were of the less reliable rimfire design and prone to misfires. The bullets were smaller .44 caliber versus the .52 caliber of the Spencer, and the anemic 25 grain Henry powder charge yielded a low velocity and a range shorter than many old-style cap and ball rifles. The lever-action mechanism was fragile and required regular maintenance. Repairs in the field were impossible.
The US Government was also not excited about the cost of these weapons. A single shot rifle like a Springfield could be had for less than $20. The Spencer was twice the cost at $40 and a plain Henry started at $50.
I agree with David that the battle at the Little Bighorn might have been different if they used Spencers or Henrys in place of the trapdoor Springfields. "Trapdoors" used powerful .45-70 and .50-70 cartridges. However, the shell casings were cheap copper and expanded with heat from repeated firings. This led to cartridges jamming in the breechs. After the battle, the graves detail found several cases where soldiers were killed while desperately trying to pry a jammed shell out of a Springfield breech. Ironically, after this battel copper casings were replaced by brass casings.
Thank you for you interest, and let us know if I can help any further.
David Stroud & Byron Johnson
Link.
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